There are basically two kinds of racists - the genteel and the gutter.
To illustrate the difference, let's talk about the degeneration of the career of E. O. Wilson.
Wilson began as a genteel racist. In his book Sociobiology, published in 1975, Wilson did not actually discuss racial differences. He merely suggested the possibility of human mental improvement, based on the premise that hunter-gatherer societies are shaped by evolution in the same exact way that non-human societies are, although he is careful to admit that we don't know "how much mental evolution has actually occurred:"
There is no reason to believe that during this final sprint there has been a cessation in the evolution of either mental capacity or the predilection toward special social behaviors. The theory of population genetics and experiments on other organisms show that substantial changes can occur in the span of less than 100 generations, which for man reaches back only to the time of the Roman Empire. Two thousand generations, roughly the period since typical Homo sapiens invaded Europe, is enough time to create new species and to mold them in major ways. Although we do not know how much mental evolution has actually occurred, it would be false to assume that modern civilizations have been built entirely on capital accumulated during the long haul of the Pleistocene.
But by his next book, On Human Nature published in 1978, Wilson was making a case for the genetic passivity of Chinese and Navaho infants:
Navaho infants tested by Freedman and his coworkers were even more quiescent than the Chinese infants. When lifted erect and pulled forward they were less inclined to swing their legs in a walking motion; when put in a sitting position, their backs curved; and when placed on their stomachs, they made fewer attempts to crawl. It has been conventional to ascribe the passivity of Navaho children to the practice of cradleboarding, a device that holds the infant tightly in place on the mother's back. But Freedman suggests that the reverse may actually be true: the relative quiescence of Navaho babies, a trait that is apparent from birth onward, allows them to be carried in a confining manner. Cradleboarding represents a workable compromise between cultural invention and infant constitution.
Rushton was arguing that “r/K selection theory” applies to different human races. This model was developed in the 1960s by Wilson and the population biologist Robert MacArthur to characterize distinct evolutionary reproductive strategies among different species of animals. It distinguishes species that produce large numbers of offspring (or those that are "r-selected") with little subsequent parental investment (for example, many insects) from those that produce few offspring (or are "K-selected") with greater parental investment (elephants, humans). Rushton’s intent was rather to demonstrate that "behavioral genetics seems to suggest that r/K relationships are heritable" among humans, and that, furthermore, different human "races" have different strategies: specifically, that Black people are r-selected, while whites are K-selected. Moreover, he carefully explained to Wilson that this model accounted for racial disparities in IQ, postulating that Black people are not selected for high intelligence because their selection strategy favors, essentially, quantity over quality.As an author of the r/K model, one would have expected Wilson to have been outraged at Rushton’s proposal, which implied, as many nineteenth-century scientists did, that human “races” constituted different species—a view no reputable biologist, including Wilson, would have publicly defended. But Wilson immediately dashed off a letter to Rushton applauding his application of the r/K model as “one of the most original and interesting [ideas] I’ve ever encountered in psychology,” adding that the work was “courageous.” “In this country the whole issue would be clouded by personal charges of racism to the point that rational discussion would be almost impossible,” he wrote, urging Rushton to “press ahead!”
- Jonathan Anomaly
- Benjamin Boyce
- Noah Carl
- Gregory Clark
- Nathan Cofnas
- Edward Dutton
- Diana Fleischmann
- Matthew Frost
- John R. G. Fuerst
- David Geary
- Richard Haier
- Richard Hanania
- Rob Henderson
- Stephen Hsu
- The International Society for Intelligence Research
- Anatoly Karlin
- Razib Khan
- Jordan Lasker
- Lipton Matthews
- Gerhard Meisenberg
- Charles Murray
- Helmuth Nyborg
- Jonatan Pallesen
- Bryan Pesta
- Davide Piffer
- Steven Pinker
- Andrew Sullivan
- Jan te Nijenhuis
- James Thompson
- Russell T. Warne
- Bo Winegard
- Michael A. Woodley of Menie